Welcome to the World Wide Web! Welcome to the Internet! This class will be presented in a series of web pages. These webpages will facilitate the learning of the Internet in a more proficient manner than audio or video files could. By offering examples of forms, frames, javascript and more, you will have static examples of the skills and be able to reference them repeatedly without worry of the document changing or being removed from the Internet. For those of you who may be new to understanding the Internet. It's important that you understand that web pages are simply documents created by an individual and stored on a computer somewhere in the world. In the case of ATI, the web documents are stored on a computer in Colorado. Web documents are formatted differently from documents you may type within Microsoft Word. Web documents are written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Tags are used to determine the placement and appearance of items and text within a document. To view a web page in it's basic and original form, check out the "source" within the View Menu of MSIE. List of 2 items • Menu (ALT-V) • Press ENTER on "source" list end The document will be placed in your default web editing tool. In most cases, it will default to notepad where you can view the source of the document. Web designers use HTML to create complicated and dynamic content for their web pages. This page is probably one of the most basic you will find. It can be interesting to check out the source of documents you frequently access on the Internet. When accessing a document, there are a number of elements that are accessed. You will find text, form controls, frames, and more. The most basic of these elements are plain text and links. You are accessing the text of this document now as you read it within your browser. Links are elements of a web page that allow access to other web pages on the world wide web. These web pages can be located on the same server, such as another page on the ATI site or be another site completely. I can send you to the next page in this lesson or on to the menu for a popular restaurant in Taiwan. It's simply a matter of adding links to my web page. To move to among links within a web page, press TAB to move to the next link and SHIFT-TAB to move to the previous link. After focusing on a link you would like to activate, press ENTER. The new page will be loaded into the browser window. Practice with the link on this page. Press TAB to locate the link and then press ENTER to activate it. Press ENTER on this link to access another web page Navigating Among Web Pages Links and MSIE History When a link is activated, Jaws for Windows loads the document into a special buffer. This buffer is called "virtual cursor mode." Without the virtual cursor, much of the content of the world wide web would be inaccessible to blind consumers. When in virtual cursor mode, Jaws will load the page, announce the page has loaded, and then provide basic information about the page such as the number of links, if frames are present, and other pertinent information. Listen closely to what Jaws for Windows tells you. This information will become more important as you learn how to navigate the various elements of a web bookmark page. Now that you have the ability to access a link, it is time to learn about navigating the history list of your browser. When you access a web page, Microsoft Internet Explorer has the ability to move through the documents within its "history." Microsoft Internet Explorer remembers where you have been and gives you the opportunity to move backward and forward through your history list. At this time, the previous page and this page are in your history list. You may move backward to the previous page through the use of the BACKSPACE or ALT-LEFT ARROW. To move forward, press ALT-RIGHT ARROW. When you have successfully practiced the keyboard commands for moving among the documents in your history list, press TAB to access the link on this page, you may then press ENTER to activate the link and move on to the next skill in this lesson. Press ENTER on this link for the next skill in this lesson Opening a New Browser Window Opening a New Document Window You have probably noticed that, as you move through web pages on the Internet, the pages are being overwritten with new information. You have access to your history list and have the ability to move backward and forward through the documents in your history list. This is the norm for most pages on the Internet. Some web designers like to offer you the ability to return to their own document. To accomplish this, they may open a new window from a link which is activated on their web page. When a new document window opens, Jaws will announce the new window. You will find that new browser windows do no]t have a history. The BACKSPACE and ALT-LEFT ARROW don't work. Because you are in a new browser window, there is no history, therefore you have no history to navigate. As an example of this, focus on the link in this document and press ENTER. You will see that a new document window will open and load the web page. Press ENTER on this link to open a document in a new window Once you have followed the instructions on the new window, you will be returned to this document. Reading a document in Virtual Cursorr Mode Reading a Webpage with the Virtual Cursor You will notice that, with Windows navigation keys, you can read this document by moving through the text as though you were in a word processor. List of 10 items • The RIGHT AND LEFT ARROW KEYS will move the focus letter by letter • The CTRL-RIGHT AND LEFT ARROW KEYS will move the focus word by word • The UP AND DOWN ARROW KEYS will move the focus line by line • PAGE UP AND DOWN will move the focus screen by screen • HOME will move the focus to the beginning of the line • END will move the focus to the end of the line • CTRL-DOWN ARROW will move the focus to the next paragraph • CTRL-UP ARROW will move the focus to the previous paragraph • CTRL-HOME will move the focus to the beginning of the document • CTRL-END will move the focus to the end of the document list end The above commands are standard to all Windows edit fields. You may move through this document just as though you were in a word processor. The virtual cursor mode will move the cursor through the document in a virtual fashion. The document's appearance does not change. Sighted people will still see the same thing that they always do. The only difference is that it becomes totally accessible to screen readers. The virtual cursor also tells you how many links you have on a page. You probably heard that this page had One link when you accessed it. You may now activate that link to move on to the next skill in this lesson. There are two ways in which links may be accessed. You may use the navigation commands described above and press ENTER on the link to activate it. Press ENTER on this link for the next skill in this lessonActivate this Link to move on to the next skill in this lesson Screen Reader Commands in Virtual Cursor Mode Using Screen Reader Commands in a Web Page With Jaws Screen Reading commands, You may acquire more information about a web page. You can read the current letter, current line, etc.... As you start to venture onto the Internet, you may find times that knowing the spelling of a word may be of importance. With your screen reading commands, you can hear the information you need in order to fully access the document. All of the numbers used will be located on your numeric keypad. The insert key is the key on the bottom left of the numeric keypad (the 0 key). The following keyboard commands will work with the virtual cursor: List of 14 items • Read the current letter-5 • read the current word INSERT-5 • Read the current line INSERT-8 • Read the previous sentence ALT-8 • Read the current sentence ALT-5 • Read the next sentence ALT-2 • Read the previous paragraph CTRL-8 • Read the current paragraph CTRL-5 • Read the next paragraph CTRL-2 • Read from the current cursor location to the end of the document INSERT- 2 • Read from the beginning of the line to the cursor INSERT-7 • Read from the cursor to the end of the line INSERT-9 • Skim the document CTRL-INSERT-2 (Jaws 6.0 and above) This option will read the first line or sentence of the document. Configure the document skim options within the Skim Reading Dialog (CTRL-SHIFT-INSERT-2). • Display the Internet Explorer Toolbar INSERT-F8 (This option will display a dialog listing the buttons available in the MSIE toolbar. Use the ARROW KEYS to make a selection and press ENTER to activate the option within the dialog.) list end The above commands will allow you to read current information with ease. If you have a faulty memory and need a bit of help remembering the keystrokes, try turning on the keyboard help with INSERT-1 on your regular keyboard. After keyboard help is enabled, you will be able to hear the commands associated with each keystroke. To disable the keyboard help, press the INSERT-1 keyboard command again. (remember that the number 1 is on your regular keyboard.) Press ENTER on this link for the next skill in this lesson copying text from a web document Copying Text from the Internet As with most documents which may be accessed, you may wish to copy text from one document to another. This is easily accomplished by selecting the text and then copying the text into the Windows clipboard. To select text, you will use the Windows navigation commands in conjunction with the shift key. So, for example, to select text a character at a time, you would hold down the SHIFT KEY and press the RIGHT ARROW to select each letter. The following keyboard commands will allow you to select text for copying. List of 7 items • Select one character at a time SHIFT-RIGHT ARROW • Select a word at a time SHIFT CTRL-RIGHT ARROW • Select to the end of the line SHIFT-END • Select the next paragraph SHIFT CTRL-DOWN ARROW • select to the end of the document CTRL-SHIFT-END • select to the same column in the next line SHIFT-DOWN ARROW • Select the entire document CTRL-A list end Once the text you would like to copy has been selected, you may verify its selection by pressing SHIFT-INSERT-DOWN ARROW. This will read the selected text. With the text selected, press the CTRL-C keyboard command to copy the text to your clipboard. Once the text is copied to the clipboard, you may focus the cursor in the application to which you would like to paste the data and press CTRL-V. you may copy text to any edit field within Windows with the above keyboard commands. Press ENTER on this link for the next skill in this lesson Checking out the Links List The JFW Links List When accessing a web page, the number of links can become rather overwhelming. Jaws for Windows offers you the ability to place the links in a web document into an organized listing by a number of criteriaa. You may: List of 5 items • View the list of links in alphabetical order • View the links in the order in which the tab key will access them • View only the visited links • View only the unvisted links • View all of the links list end Once you are focused on a link within the links list, the focus of the cursor may be placed on the link, or the link may be activated with buttons in the links list. On this page are a number of links which you may practice accessing. You may access the links list with INSERT-F7. Once the links list has been opened, you may use the UP AND DOWN ARROW KEYS to move through the list of links. You may also use the first letter of the link for which you are searching. As you move through the list, you may choose to focus the cursor upon the selected link or to actually launch the link. Press TAB to find two buttons. These buttons will allow you to either move to the link or activate the link. You may use the TAB KEY to access these buttons and the SPACEBAR to activate them or use the following hot keys: List of 2 items • Move to the link ALT-M • Activate the link ALT-A list end Should you choose to move to the link, the focus of the cursor will be placed on the link which is selected in the list box. You may press the INSERT- TAB keyboard command to hear the current link repeated. This keyboard command will work anywhere within a web page. If you wish to know the current location of the cursor, press INSERT-TAB. If the activate option is selected, the page will be refreshed to the new site on the World wide Web. You may also configure the sorting of the list in the list box. Press TAB to locate two radio buttons. These radio buttons may be selected with the up and DOWN ARROW. The links may be sorted in alphabetical order or by the tab order in which they will be accessed. use the UP AND DOWN ARROW KEYS to select one of these buttons or, you may use the associated hot key: List of 2 items • In tab order ALT-T • Alphabetically ALT-P list end Finally, you may configure which links will be visible in the list box. Perhaps you only wish to see the links which have not yet been visited. Once again, use the TAB KEY to access the radio buttons and then use the UP AND DOWN ARROW KEYS to select your choice. You may view the visited links, links which have not yet been visited, or all links. Of course, you do have hot keys which will enable the option of your choice: List of 3 items • All Links ALT-L • Visited links only ALT-V • unvisted links only ALT-U list end Executing any of the hot keys within the dialog will toggle the appropriate radio button or press the button with which the hot key is associated. Give this a try and remember, you may return to this page at any time via the navigation commands you learned in the last lesson. BACKSPACE or ALT- LEFT ARROW will return you to this page in a flash! here are some links with which to practice: List of 4 items • ATI • Audio-tips • Jfw Lite Home Page • Access Technology Institute list end Activate this link to move on to the next skill in this lesson. Navigating Elements of a Webpage Navigating Elements of a Web Page Various elements of the display can be accessed via hot keys. The following keys will allow you to navigate a web page. Text can be formatted in links or plain text. To bypass all form controls and links and access the next passage of non-link text, you may press the letter N. SHIFT-N will move the focus to the previous passage of non-link text. You may move through the document via paragraphs with P and SHIFT-P. P will move the focus to the next paragraph. SHIFT-P will move the focus to the previous paragraph. Visited and unvisited links may be accessed with the V and U keys. V will move the focus to the next visited link. U will move the focus to the next unvisited link. You may reverse the focus of the cursor with SHIFT-V and SHIFT-U. Documents may also be sorted by heading. You may move the focus of the cursor to the next and previous headings with H and SHIFT-H. H will move the focus to the next passage of heading formatted text. SHIFT-H will move the focus to the previous passage of heading formatted text. You may also move through the levels of heading text by pressing the number of the heading level. Headings can be numbered 1 through 6. Simply input the number of the of the formatted header you would like to access. Pressing the number 1, for example, will move the focus to the first passage of heading level 1 text within the document. SHIFT-F1 will move the focus to the previous passage of header level 1 formatted text within the document. You may navigate through header 1 through 6 header formatted text in the same manner. Web designers can opt to have lists within their webpages. These lists can be formatted with bullets or with numbers. If you would like to move to the next list that is formatted into a document, you may do so with L and SHIFT-L. Each touch of the L key will move the focus to the next list within a document. SHIFT-L will move the focus to the previous list within a document. Form controls may be located with the F and SHIFT-F keyboard commands. Form controls include buttons, edit fields, combo boxes, radio buttons and more. You may move to the next form control with F. SHIFT-F will move the focus to the previous form control within a document. Be sure to press the ENTER KEY if you would like to input text. The ENTER KEY will disable the virtual cursor and place the focus into the field. I will discuss forms in more detail later in this course. Web pages can contain a number of different elements. Links, text, form controls, lists and headers are all "elements" of a web page. Jaws for Windows offers you an option to move to the next or previous "different" element or to the next or previous "same" element. To move to the next element of the same type upon which the cursor is focused, press the letter S. SHIFT-S will move the focus to the previous "same type" element. You may use the letter D to move to the next "different" element. SHIFT-D will move the focus to the previous different element. Jaws 6.0 has altered the above commands a bit. To move to the next or previous different element within a web page, use SHIFT-COMMA and SHIFT-PERIOD. Within JFW 6.0 and above, E and SHIFT-E will now move the focus to the next or previous edit field. Tables may be accessed by pressing the letter T. To access the Previous Table, press SHIFT-T. This will place the focus on the first cell of the next or previous table. If you are in an element (such as a table or list) and would like to "step out" of an element, you may do so with the letter E. Tapping the letter E will move you out of the current web page element and on to the next element within the web page. SHIFT-E will move the focus to the element prior to the currently focused element. When focused in an element such as a table or list, you may now select the entire table or list with F8. Pressing F8 will select the entire contents of a list or table. Simply press CTRL-C will copy the contents of the selected element to the Windows clipboard. To review these commands: List of 33 items • Next Passage of Non-Link text N • Previous Passage of Non-link text SHIFT-N • Next Paragraph P • Previous Paragraph SHIFT-P • Next Visited Link V • Previous Visited Link SHIFT-V • Next Unvisited Link U • Previous Unvisited Link SHIFT-U • Next Heading H • Previous Heading SHIFT-H • Next Heading Level 1-6 NUMBER ROW 1 through 6 • Previous Heading Level 1-6 SHIFT-NUMBER ROW 1 through 6 • Next List L • Previous List SHIFT-L • Next Table T • Previous Table SHIFT-T • Next Form Control F • Previous Form Control SHIFT-F • Step Forward out of an Element E (SHIFT-COMMA in JFW 6.0) • Step Backward out of an Element SHIFT-E (SHIFT-PERIOD in JFW 6.0) • Move to the Next Different Element D • Move to the Previous Different Element SHIFT-D • Select the Contents of the Current Element F8 • Move to the next blockquote Q (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to the previous blockquote SHIFT-Q (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to the next item in a list I (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to the previous item in a list SHIFT-I (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to the Anchor A (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to the Previous Anchor SHIFT-A (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to Next Graphic G (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to Previous Graphic SHIFT-G (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to Next Division Z (JFW 6.0 and Above) • Move to Previous Division SHIFT-Z (JFW 6.0 and Above) list end You may also jump to a specific line within a document via the Jump command of JFW. To jump to a line within the document: List of 3 items • Press J to open the Jump dialog • Input the number of the line to which you would like to jump • Press ENTER list end The focus of the cursor will be moved to that line within the document. You may return to the previous location within the document by pressing SHIFT- J. Pressing ALT-DELETE will provide you with the location of the active cursor and the percentage of the page that has been read. Pressing CTRL-INSERT in conjunction with any of the above element keys will open a list from which a specific element may be chosen. For example, pressing CTRL-INSERT-P will open a dialog containing a list of all the paragraphs within the document. Pressing CTRL-INSERT-E will open a dialog containing a list of all of the edit fields in a document. You may use standard list view navigation commands to select an option within the list view. Pressing ENTER on the option of your choice will move the focus to the focused element within the web page. Pressing INSERT-F3 will display the "Virtual HTML Features" dialog. From within this dialog, you may select an element you would like to list. Selecting "button" from within this dialog, for example, will generate a list of all the buttons within the focused document. END OF LESSON

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